바흐 : 골드베르그변주곡

●★ J.S. Bach : Goldberg 30 Variations BWV 988 ★●                                                  Aria intro.                                              30 Variations                                              Aria Dacapo                                            A n g e l a H e w i t t                                                                                                                          ● ANGELA HEWITT - Canadian Classical Pianist ●                    ■ Angela Hewitt(Canadian Pianist) ■   ● Angela Hewitt, OC OBE (born July 26, 1958) is a British/Canadian classical pianist.   ● Career Angela Hewitt began her piano studies at the age of three . She also studied violin with Walter Prystawski, recorder with Wolfgang Grunsky, and ballet with Nesta Toumine in Ottawa. Her first full-length recital was in The Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto at the age of nine where she studied from 1964 to 1973 with Earle Moss and Myrtle Guerrero. She then went on to be the student of French pianist, Jean-Paul Sevilla at the University of Ottawa. Angela Hewitt has performed around the world in recital and as soloist with orchestra. She is most well known for her cycle of Bach recordings which she began in 1994 and finished in 2005—covering all the major keyboard works of J.S. Bach. Her discography also includes works by Couperin, Rameau, Messiaen, Chabrier, Ravel, Schumann, Beethoven and Chopin. In 2010 she recorded her first disc of Mozart concertos with the Orchestra da Camera di Mantova which was released in 2011. Angela Hewitt’s entire 2007-2008 season was devoted to performances of the complete Bach Well-Tempered Clavier in major cities all over the world. In July 2005, Angela Hewitt launched her own Trasimeno Music Festival in the heart of Umbria near Perugia. After living in Paris from 1978 to 1985, Angela Hewitt has made London her main residence. She also has homes in Ottawa and Umbria, Italy. In 2000, she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada (OC).[1] She was created an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) on June 17, 2006. Angela Hewitt was named Gramophone Artist of the Year in 2006, received the MIDEM Classical Award for Instrumentalist of the Year in 2010, and awarded the first ever BBC Radio 3 Listener’s Award (Royal Philharmonic Society Awards) in 2003. She is also a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and has honorary degrees from the University of Ottawa, the University of Toronto, Queen's University (Kingston), the Open University (London), Mount Saint Vincent University (Halifax), and the University of Saskatchewan.   ● References ^ "Order of Canada citation for Angela Hewitt". Archived from the original on 15 May 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/67h4ctzlB. Retrieved 15 May 2012.  ● External links Official site Trasimeno Music Festival Bach World Tour Angela Hewitt in concert performing Le Tombeau de Couperin by Ravel Persondata Name Hewitt, Angela Alternative names Short description Canadian classical pianist Date of birth July 26, 1958 Place of birth Date of death Place of death       ■ J.S Bach;Goldberg Variations ■     Title page of the Goldberg Variations (first edition)   The Goldberg Variations, BWV 988, is a work for harpsichord by Johann Sebastian Bach, consisting of an aria and a set of 30 variations. First published in 1741, the work is considered to be one of the most important examples of variation form. The Variations are named after Johann Gottlieb Goldberg, who may have been the first performer.   ● 1 Variations for one and two manuals ● 2 Aria ● 3 Variatio 1. a 1 Clav. ● 4 Variatio 2. a 1 Clav. ● 5 Variatio 3. Canone all’Unisono. a 1 Clav. ● 6 Variatio 4. a 1 Clav. ● 7 Variatio 5. a 1 ô vero 2 Clav. ● 8 Variatio 6. Canone alla Seconda. a 1 Clav. ● 9 Variatio 7. a 1 ô vero 2 Clav. al tempo di Giga ● 10 Variatio 8. a 2 Clav. ●11 Variatio 9. Canone alla Terza. a 1 Clav. ● 12 Variatio 10. Fughetta. a 1 Clav. ● 13 Variatio 11. a 2 Clav. ● 14 Variatio 12. Canone alla Quarta ● 15 Variatio 13. a 2 Clav. ● 16 Variatio 14. a 2 Clav. ● 17 Variatio 15. Canone alla Quinta. a 1 Clav.: Andante ● 18 Variatio 16. Ouverture. a 1 Clav. ● 19 Variatio 17. a 2 Clav. ● 20 Variatio 18. Canone alla Sesta. a 1 Clav. ● 21 Variatio 19. a 1 Clav. ● 22 Variatio 20. a 2 Clav. ● 23 Variatio 21. Canone alla Settima ● 24 Variatio 22. a 1 Clav. alla breve ● 25 Variatio 23. a 2 Clav. ● 26 Variatio 24. Canone all'Ottava. a 1 Clav. ● 27 Variatio 25. a 2 Clav. adagio ● 28 Variatio 26. a 2 Clav. ● 29 Variatio 27. Canone alla Nona. a 2 Clav. ● 30 Variatio 28. a 2 Clav. ● 31 Variatio 29. a 1 ô vero 2 Clav. ● 32 Variatio 30. a 1 Clav. Quodlibet ● 33 Aria da Capo   ● Composition The tale of how the variations came to be composed comes from an early biography of Bach by Johann Nikolaus Forkel:[1] [For this work] we have to thank the instigation of the former Russian ambassador to the electoral court of Saxony, Count Kaiserling, who often stopped in Leipzig and brought there with him the aforementioned Goldberg, in order to have him given musical instruction by Bach. The Count was often ill and had sleepless nights. At such times, Goldberg, who lived in his house, had to spend the night in an antechamber, so as to play for him during his insomnia. ... once the Count mentioned in Bach's presence that he would like to have some clavier pieces for Goldberg, which should be of such a smooth and somewhat lively character that he might be a little cheered up by them in his sleepless nights. Bach thought himself best able to fulfill this wish by means of Variations, the writing of which he had until then considered an ungrateful task on account of the repeatedly similar harmonic foundation. But since at this time all his works were already models of art, such also these variations became under his hand. Yet he produced only a single work of this kind. Thereafter the Count always called them his variations. He never tired of them, and for a long time sleepless nights meant: 'Dear Goldberg, do play me one of my variations.' Bach was perhaps never so rewarded for one of his works as for this. The Count presented him with a golden goblet filled with 100 louis-d'or. Nevertheless, even had the gift been a thousand times larger, their artistic value would not yet have been paid for. Forkel wrote his biography in 1802, more than 60 years after the events related, and its accuracy has been questioned. The lack of dedication on the title page of the "Aria with Diverse Variations" also makes the tale of the commission unlikely. Goldberg's age at the time of publication (14 years) has also been cited as grounds for doubting Forkel's tale, although it must be said that he was known to be an accomplished keyboardist and sight-reader. In a recent book-length study,[2] keyboardist and Bach scholar Peter Williams contends that the Forkel story is entirely spurious. The aria on which the variations are based was suggested by Arnold Schering not to have been written by Bach. More recent scholarly literature (such as the edition by Christoph Wolff) suggests that there is no basis for such doubts.   ● Publication Rather unusually for Bach's works,[3] the Goldberg Variations were published in his own lifetime, in 1741. The publisher was Bach's friend Balthasar Schmid of Nuremberg. Schmid printed the work by making engraved copper plates (rather than using movable type); thus the notes of the first edition are in Schmid's own handwriting. The edition contains various printing errors.[4] The title page, shown in the figure above, reads in German: Clavier Ubung / bestehend / in einer ARIA / mit verschiedenen Verænderungen / vors Clavicimbal / mit 2 Manualen. / Denen Liebhabern zur Gemüths- / Ergetzung verfertiget von / Johann Sebastian Bach / Königl. Pohl. u. Churfl. Sæchs. Hoff- / Compositeur, Capellmeister, u. Directore / Chori Musici in Leipzig. / Nürnberg in Verlegung / Balthasar Schmids[4] "Keyboard exercise, consisting of an ARIA with diverse variations for harpsichord with two manuals. Composed for connoisseurs, for the refreshment of their spirits, by Johann Sebastian Bach, composer for the royal court of Poland and the Electoral court of Saxony, Kapellmeister and Director of Choral Music in Leipzig. Nuremberg, Balthasar Schmid, publisher." The term "Clavier Ubung" (nowadays spelled "Klavierübung") had been assigned by Bach to some of his previous                                                     ■ From W I K I P E D I A ■