스트라빈스키 : 페트르슈카 - 유자황(piano)

●★ Igor Stravinsky :「P e t r u s c h k a」 performed by Yuja Wang ★●                                    ● 사육제의 시장                                ● 페트루슈카의 방                                ● 무어인의 방                                ● 사육제의 저녁, 페트루슈카의 죽음                                                 ● The Firebird     The Firebird (French: L'oiseau de feu; Russian: «Жар-птица», Zhar-ptitsa) is a ballet and orchestral concert work by the Russian composer Igor Stravinsky. It was written for the 1910 Paris season of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes company, with choreography by Michel Fokine. The ballet is based on Russian folk tales of the magical glowing bird that can be both a blessing and a curse to its owner. When the ballet was first performed on 25 June 1910, it was an instant success with both audience and critics. Stravinsky was a young, virtually unknown composer when Diaghilev recruited him to create works for the Ballets Russes. The Firebird was his first project. Originally, Diaghilev approached the Russian composer Anatoly Lyadov, but later hired Stravinsky to compose the music. The ballet has historic significance not only as Stravinsky's breakthrough piece — "Mark him well", said Sergei Diaghilev to Tamara Karsavina, who was dancing the title role: "He is a man on the eve of celebrity..." — but also as the beginning of the collaboration between Diaghilev and Stravinsky that would also produce Petrushka and The Rite of Spring.   ● Background   Stravinsky, sketched by Picasso   Igor Stravinsky was the son of Fyodor Stravinsky, the principal bass at the Imperial Opera, St Petersburg, and Anna, née Kholodovskaya, a competent amateur singer and pianist from an old-established Russian family. Fyodor's association with many of the leading figures in Russian music, including Rimsky-Korsakov, Borodin and Mussorgsky, meant that Igor grew up in an intensely musical home.[1] In 1901 Stravinsky began to study law at St Petersburg University, while taking private lessons in harmony and counterpoint. Having impressed Rimsky-Korsakov with some of his early compositional efforts, Stravinsky worked under the guidance of the older composer. By the time of his mentor's death in 1908 Stravinsky had produced several works, among them a Piano Sonata in F-sharp minor (1903–04), a Symphony in E-flat major (1907), which he catalogued as "Opus 1", and in 1908 a short orchestral piece, Feu d'artifice ("Fireworks").[2][3] In 1909 Feu d'artifice was performed at a concert in St Petersburg. Among those in the audience was the impresario Sergei Diaghilev, who at that time was planning to introduce Russian music and art to western audiences.[4] Like Stravinsky, Diaghilev had initially studied law, but had gravitated via journalism into the theatrical world.[5] In 1907 he began his theatrical career by presenting five concerts in Paris; in the following year he introduced Mussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov. In 1909, still in Paris, he launched the Ballets Russes, initially with Borodin's Polovtsian Dances from Prince Igor and Rimsky-Korsakov's Scheherazade. To present these works Diaghilev recruited the choreographer Michel Fokine, the designer Léon Bakst and the dancer Vaslav Nijinsky. Diaghilev's intention, however, was to produce new works in a distinctively 20th century style, and he was looking for fresh compositional talent.[6]   ● Genesis and premiere The ballet was the first of Diaghilev's Ballets Russes productions to have an all-original score composed for it. Alexandre Benois wrote in 1910 that he had two years earlier suggested to Diaghilev the production of a Russian nationalist ballet,[7] an idea all the more attractive given both the newly awakened French passion for Russian dance and also the ruinously expensive costs of staging opera. The inspiration of mixing the mythical Firebird with the unrelated Russian tale of Kaschei the deathless possibly came from a popular child's verse by Yakov Polonsky, "A Winter's Journey" (Zimniy put, 1844), which includes the lines: And in my dreams I see myself on a wolf's back Riding along a forest path To do battle with a sorcerer-tsar [i.e., Kaschei] In that land where a princess sits under lock and key, Pining behind massive walls. There gardens surround a palace all of glass; There Firebirds sing by night And peck at golden fruit.[8] Benois collaborated with the choreographer Michel Fokine, drawing from several books of Russian fairy tales including the collection of Alexander Afanasyev, to concoct a story involving the Firebird and the evil magician Kashchei. Diaghilev approached the Russian composer Anatoly Lyadov (1855–1914) to write the music.[9] There is no evidence, however, despite the much-repeated story that Lyadov was slow to start composing the work, that he ever accepted the commission to begin with.[10] There is evidence to suggest that Nikolai Tcherepnin had previously started composing music for the ballet—music which became The Enchanted Kingdom—but that Tcherepnin, for reasons unexplained, withdrew from the project.[11] Diaghilev eventually transferred the commission to the 28-year-old Stravinsky. The ballet was premiered by the Ballets Russes in Paris on 25 June 1910 conducted by Gabriel Pierné.[12] Even before the first performance, the company sensed a huge success in the making; and every performance of the ballet in that first production, as Karsavina recalled, met a "crescendo" of success.[13] The critics were ecstatic, praising the ballet for what they perceived as an ideal symbiosis between decor, choreography and music: "The old-gold vermiculatino of the fantastic back-cloth seems to have been invented to a formula identical with that of the shimmering web of the orchestra" enthused Henri Ghéon in Nouvelle revue française (1910).[14] The scenery was designed by Alexander Golovine and the costumes by Léon Bakst. For Stravinsky, it was a major breakthrough both with the public and with the critics, Michel-Dimitri Calvocoressi in particular hailing Stravinsky as the legitimate heir to The Mighty Handful.[15] The Firebird's success also secured Stravinsky's position as Diaghilev's star composer, and there were immediate talks of a sequel,[16] leading to the composition of Petrushka and The Rite of Spring. Stravinsky used principle themes from works by Rimsky-Korsakov in his score. Kashchei's "Infernal Dance" borrows the highly chromatic scale Rimsky-Korsakov created for the character Chernobog in his opera Mlada. The Khorovod dance, meanwhile, uses the same folk tune Rimsky-Korsakov presented in his "Sinfonietta" Opus. 31.   ● Yuja Wang(1987~ Chinese Pianist)   Yuja Wang (王羽佳)   Receiving 2011 Echo Klassik award, October 2, 2011, Berlin   Born (1987-02-10) February 10, 1987 (age 26) Beijing Nationality Chinese Alma mater Central Conservatory of Music, Beijing Curtis Institute of Music, Philadelphia, 2008 Occupation Pianist Yuja Wang (Chinese: 王羽佳; pinyin: Wáng Yǔjiā;[1] born February 10, 1987[2]) is a Chinese classical pianist. She was born in Beijing, began studying piano there at age six, and went on to study at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing.[3] Wang is one of the few pianists to become a "major international presence" by her 21st birthday.[4] She "meshes an impeccable technique and insightful artistry, evident both on disc and in live concerts."[5] Wang has performed in concert halls around the world and records with Deutsche Grammophon. Her repertoire is considered broad and eclectic, including works by Mozart, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Scriabin, Rachmaninov, and Prokofiev.[4]   ● Early life Wang comes from a musical family. Her mother, Zhai Jieming, is a dancer and her father, Wang Jianguo, is a percussionist. Both live in Beijing.[5] Wang began her piano studies at age six.[3] She entered Beijing's Central Conservatory of Music at age seven and studied there for three years. At age 11, Wang was accepted as the youngest student in the Morningside Music Bridge International Music Festival at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Canada.[6] Starting at age 15, she studied for five years with Gary Graffman at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and graduated in May 2008. Graffman said that Wang's technique impressed during her audition but "it was the intelligence and good taste" of her interpretations that distinguished her.[5]   ● Career Early career In 1998, Wang won 3rd prize in the Ettlingen International Competition for Young Pianists, in Ettlingen, Germany. In 2001, she won Third Prize and Special Jury Prize (awarded to an especially superior finalist of less than 20 years in age, prize money of 500,000 Japanese Yen) in the Piano Section at the First Sendai International Music Competition in Sendai, Japan. [7] In 2002, Wang won the Aspen Music Festival's concerto competition.[8] In 2003, Wang made her European debut with the Tonhalle Orchestra in Zurich, Switzerland, playing Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 4 under the baton of David Zinman. She made her North American debut in Ottawa in the 2005/06 season, replacing Radu Lupu performing the Beethoven concerto with Pinchas Zukerman conducting. On September 11, 2005, Wang was named a 2006 biennial Gilmore Young Artist award winner, given to the most promising pianists age 21 and younger. As part of the award, she received $15,000, appeared at Gilmore Festival concerts, and had a new piano work commissioned for her. [9] In 2006, Wang made her New York Philharmonic debut at the Bravo! Vail Music Festival. The following season, she performed with the orchestra under Lorin Maazel during the Philharmonic's tour of Japan and Korea.[10] In March 2007, Wang's breakthrough came when she replaced Martha Argerich in concerts held in Boston.[11][12] Argerich had cancelled her appearances with the Boston Symphony Orchestra on four subscription concerts from March 8 to March 13.[11] Wang performed Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1, with Charles Dutoit conducting.   ● Select appearances In 2008, Wang toured the U.S. with the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields led by Sir Neville Marriner. In 2009, she performed as a soloist with the YouTube Symphony Orchestra, which was led by Michael Tilson Thomas at Carnegie Hall. Wang performed with the Lucerne Festival Orchestra conducted by Claudio Abbado in Beijing, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in Spain and in London, and the Hong Kong Philharmonic.[10] In 2009, Wang performed and recorded the Mendelssohn Piano Concerto in G Minor with Kurt Masur at the Verbier Festival.[13] Her performance of Flight of The Bumblebee is featured on the Verbier Festival Highlights DVD from 2008. Wang's Bumblebee video has been viewed more than 3 million times on YouTube.[14] In 2012, Wang toured with the Israel Philharmonic and conductor Zubin Mehta in Israel and the U.S., with a performance at Carnegie Hall in New York in September.[15] Wang toured Asia in November 2012 with the San Francisco Symphony and its conductor Michael Tilson Thomas.[16] In February 2013, Wang performed and recorded Prokofiev's Concerto No. 2 and Rachmaninoff's Concerto No. 3 with Conductor Gustavo Dudamel and the Venezuelan Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar.[17] Also in 2013, Wang's recital tour of Japan culminated with her recital debut at Tokyo's Suntory Hall.[18]   ● Orchestras and conductors As of 2013, Wang has performed with many of the world's leading orchestras, including Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco and Washington, in the U.S. Internationally, she has performed with the Berlin Staatskapelle, China Philharmonic, Filarmonica della Scala, Israel Philharmonic, London Philharmonic, Orchestre de Paris, Orquesta Nacional España, Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar, the NHK Symphony in Tokyo, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Orchestra Mozart and Santa Cecilia.[15] Wang has worked with many leading conductors around the world, including Claudio Abbado, Daniel Barenboim, Gustavo Dudamel, Charles Dutoit, Daniele Gatti, Valery Gergiev, Mikko Franck, Manfred Honeck, Pietari Inkinen, Lorin Maazel, Zubin Mehta, Kurt Masur, Antonio Pappano, Yuri Temirkanov and Michael Tilson Thomas.[15]   ● Discography Main article: Yuja Wang discography In January 2009, Wang signed an exclusive recording contract for five discs with Deutsche Grammophon.[19] She released her first CD, Sonatas & Etudes in 2009, followed by Transformation in 2010; Rachmaninov in 2011;[20] and Fantasia in 2012.[21] In addition, EuroArts released a DVD on which she performs Sergei Prokofiev's Piano Concerto No. 3 in C Major, with Abbado conducting.[22] Although there are reports Wang released a debut CD in 1995,[23][24][25] there is little information available about it.   ● Reviews Music critics have largely reacted enthusiastically to Wang's performances and recordings. In a review of her 2011 Carnegie Hall debut, The New York Times wrote: From the opening piece, an early Scriabin prelude, Ms. Wang played this Chopinesque music, all rippling left-hand figures and dreamy melodic lines, with a delicacy, poetic grace and attention to inner musical details that commanded respect. After intermission she offered a rhapsodic, uncommonly nuanced account of the formidable Liszt Sonata in B minor. But the most revealing performance came in Prokofiev's Piano Sonata No. 6 in A. Completed in 1940, this nearly 30-minute work channels some barbaric, propulsive, harmonically brittle outbursts into a formal four-movement sonata structure. In most readings, intriguing tension results from hearing music of such aggressive modernism reined in by Neo-Classical constraints. Ms. Wang reconciled these conflicting elements through a performance of impressive clarity and detail.[26] In June 2012, the San Francisco Chronicle wrote that Wang is "quite simply, the most dazzlingly, uncannily gifted pianist in the concert world today, and there's nothing left to do but sit back, listen and marvel at her artistry."[27] From a May 2013 Carnegie Hall concert, The New York Times reported that Wang's "fortissimos were fearsome, but so, in a quieter way, were the longing melodic lines of the first movement of Rachmaninoff's Sonata No. 2." The reviewer added: The liquidity of her phrasing in the second movement of Scriabin's Sonata No. 2 eerily evoked the sound of woodwinds. In that composer's Sonata No. 6 she juxtaposed colors granitic and gauzy to eerily brilliant effect before closing the written program with a rabid rendition of the one-piano version of "La Valse", accentuating the sickliness of Ravel's distorted waltzes.[28]   ● Awards 2006: Gilmore Young Artist Award[29] 2009: Gramophone Classic FM's Young Artist of the Year [8] 2009: Grammy Award Nomination, Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (Without Orchestra) for debut album Sonata & Etudes[30] 2010: Avery Fisher Career Grant Recipient[31] 2011: Echo Klassik Young Artist of the Year[32] 2012: Grammy Award Nomination, Best Classical Instrumental Solo, for Rachmaninov: Piano Concerto No. 2 In C Minor, Op. 18 and Rhapsody on A Theme Of Paganini, from the album Rachmaninov [33] ● Personal life Wang currently lives in New York City but travels most of the time playing concerts around the world. Had she not developed a career as a pianist, Wang said she might have become a choreographer or a clothing designer.[3] Considered "fashionable and outspoken", Wang has quoted in her Twitter feed both Mahler ("Tradition is tending the flame, it's not worshiping the ashes") and Coco Chanel ("A girl should always be two things: classy and fabulous.")[3]